Do you really need instanceof?

Using instanceof is a code smell. I think we may agree on that. Whenever I see a construction like that I’m sure that something went awry. Maybe someone just didn’t notice a problem when making a change? Maybe there was an idea, but it was so complex that it required so much effort or time that a developer made a decision not to do it? Maybe it was just laziness? Who knows. The fact remains that the code evolved into such state and we have to work with it.
Or maybe there is something that we can do about it? Something that will open our code for extensions?